How does impaired renal function affect drug clearance?

Impaired renal function significantly affects drug clearance, primarily by decreasing the ability of the kidneys to filter and excrete drugs from the bloodstream. As renal function declines, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, leading to reduced clearance of medications that are primarily eliminated through the renal route. This reduction can result in higher plasma concentrations of these drugs, increasing the risk of accumulation in the body and the potential for toxic effects.

Additionally, many medications require dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment to avoid toxicity. Understanding this relationship is crucial for safe medication management, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury. The implications of altered drug clearance underscore the importance of monitoring renal function and adjusting dosages accordingly to ensure therapeutic effectiveness and minimize adverse reactions.