What is a common side effect of diuretics that a nurse should monitor in patients?

Diuretics are commonly prescribed to manage conditions such as hypertension and edema by promoting the excretion of sodium and water through the urine. One of the significant side effects associated with many diuretics, particularly the thiazide and loop diuretics, is hypokalemia, which is characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte for numerous body functions, including muscle contractions and maintaining heart rhythm.

When administering diuretics, it is crucial for nurses to monitor patients for signs of hypokalemia, as it can lead to serious complications such as arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and cramps. Symptoms may include fatigue, irregular heartbeats, or muscle twitching. Regular monitoring of serum potassium levels can help prevent these adverse effects and ensure that patients remain within a safe electrolyte range while on diuretic therapy.