What is a common side effect of antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, often lead to gastrointestinal upset or diarrhea as a common side effect. This occurs because antibiotics can disrupt the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to an imbalance that may result in symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in digestion and absorption, and when it is disturbed, these types of gastrointestinal issues become more likely.

While other side effects, such as rash or hives, headache, and dizziness, may occur with different antibiotics or in specific individuals, gastrointestinal upset is a well-recognized and frequently reported issue associated with the use of antibiotics. This makes it essential for patients to be aware of this possibility, as well as for healthcare providers to monitor and manage any such side effects effectively.