What is a common side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Potassium-sparing diuretics are designed to prevent the loss of potassium while promoting the excretion of sodium and water. A common side effect associated with these medications is hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This occurs because potassium-sparing diuretics inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, leading to the retention of potassium.

Monitoring potassium levels is essential for patients on these medications, especially since high levels can have serious cardiac implications. In contrast to this choice, other diuretic classes, such as thiazide or loop diuretics, are more likely to cause hypokalemia, which involves the depletion of potassium. Therefore, the distinct mechanism of action of potassium-sparing diuretics specifically places them at a higher risk for causing hyperkalemia rather than affecting hydration status or sodium levels in the body.