What is a common side effect of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics are commonly prescribed for conditions such as hypertension and edema. One of the known side effects of these medications is hypokalemia, which refers to a lower-than-normal level of potassium in the blood. Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water. However, they also promote the loss of potassium, which can lead to hypokalemia.

Monitoring potassium levels in patients who are on thiazide diuretics is crucial, as low potassium can result in various issues, including muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiovascular problems. This side effect highlights the need for healthcare providers to ensure that patients maintain adequate potassium intake through diet or supplementation when required.

The other options represent different electrolyte imbalances that are less commonly associated with thiazide use. For example, hyperkalemia is typically linked to potassium-sparing diuretics rather than thiazides. Likewise, while hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia can occur with various medications, they are not the hallmark side effects of thiazide diuretics compared to hypokalemia.