What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

The mechanism of action of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) is that they block the action of angiotensin II on its receptors. By doing so, ARBs help to prevent angiotensin II from exerting its vasoconstrictive effects, which typically result in increased blood pressure. Angiotensin II is a potent hormone that can lead to the constriction of blood vessels and promote sodium and water retention, which contributes to hypertension. By inhibiting these actions, ARBs promote vasodilation, decrease blood pressure, and ultimately reduce the workload on the heart.

Understanding this action is crucial, particularly in the management of conditions like hypertension and heart failure, where the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a significant role in disease progression. The effectiveness of ARBs in managing these conditions underscores their importance in pharmacological therapy for patients at risk of cardiovascular events.