What lab value should be monitored closely in patients taking ACE inhibitors?

Monitoring potassium levels is essential in patients taking ACE inhibitors because these medications can lead to an increase in potassium levels, a condition known as hyperkalemia. ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which leads to decreased production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II normally promotes the secretion of aldosterone, a hormone that helps the kidneys excrete potassium. When the action of this enzyme is inhibited, aldosterone levels may decrease, resulting in reduced potassium excretion and potentially elevated serum potassium levels.

Hyperkalemia can pose significant health risks, such as cardiac arrhythmias, making regular monitoring of potassium levels crucial in patients prescribed ACE inhibitors. Additionally, certain patient populations, such as those with renal impairment or diabetes, may be at an even greater risk for developing high potassium levels.